Tax & Regulatory Radar

How is crypto taxed today?

Each situation shows what the official source says, what it does not clarify and where to check.

Official texts (bill summaries, rule summaries and statuses) are shown in the original Portuguese.

Educational tool. It does not replace individual accounting, legal or tax advice.

Assets in Brazil

Verified at the primary source

How it works: Crypto assets held in custody or traded by institutions located in Brazil. The IRPF 2026 Q&A states that these rules "have not changed".
Possible taxable event: Capital gain on disposal when the total disposed of in the month exceeds R$ 35,000.00. The exemption covers all crypto assets disposed of in Brazil or abroad, of any type; if the total exceeds that amount, the gain on all disposals in the month is taxed.
How to report: 'Bens e Direitos' (Assets and Rights) section, Group 08 (codes 01, 02, 03, 10 or 99), at acquisition cost, when the acquisition cost of each type is R$ 5,000.00 or more.
When to pay: By the last business day of the month following the disposal, at progressive rates according to the gain. The Q&A gives tax payment code 4600; on 29/04/2026, ADE Codar No. 16/2026 created code 1897 (see "What changed").
Related reporting obligation: DeCripto (IN RFB 2,291/2025), where applicable.
Legal basis: Law No. 8,981/1995, art. 21; IN SRF No. 84/2001; IN SRF No. 599/2005; ADI RFB No. 3/2016; Cosit Ruling No. 214/2021 (references in the IRPF 2026 Q&A, question 653).

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

Assets abroad

Verified at the primary source

How it works: Virtual assets held in custody or traded by institutions located abroad are deemed to be located abroad, regardless of where the issuer is. Since 01/01/2024 they follow arts. 3 and 4 of Law 14,754/2023.
Possible taxable event: Income and capital gains (including exchange-rate variation on the principal) in the period in which they are actually received. According to the Q&A, "there is no legal provision for an exemption" for financial investments abroad.
How to report: 'Bens e Direitos' (Assets and Rights), Group 08, with the country of location, and the 'Aplicação Financeira' (Financial Investment) box for income or loss.
When to pay: In the annual income tax return (DAA), at a rate of 15%, on a cash basis.
Related reporting obligation: DeCripto (chapter 5 of the Manual: use of a provider based abroad).
Legal basis: Law No. 14,754/2023, arts. 2, 3, 4 and 9; IN RFB No. 2,180/2024, arts. 8 to 12.

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
Primary sourceMinistério da Fazenda / Receita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas: tributação de renda no exterior (Lei 14.754/2023 e IN RFB 2.180/2024), perguntas 18 e 19· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

Self-custody

Verified at the primary source

How it works: Under self-custody in private wallets, "the taxpayer's residence determines whether the virtual asset is located in Brazil or abroad" (IRPF 2026 Q&A, free translation). For residents of Brazil, the Q&A on Law 14,754 states that assets held in custody by the taxpayer, without an intermediary, are not deemed to be located abroad.
Possible taxable event: Follows the rule for the location defined above (for residents of Brazil: the rules for assets in Brazil).
How to report: 'Bens e Direitos' (Assets and Rights), Group 08, stating "custódia própria" (self-custody) in the description.
When to pay: According to the rule that applies to where the asset is located.
Related reporting obligation: DeCripto (chapter 6 of the Manual: without a provider), where applicable.
Legal basis: Law No. 14,754/2023, art. 3, § 3; IN RFB No. 2,180/2024, art. 9, § 2.

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
Primary sourceMinistério da Fazenda / Receita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas: tributação de renda no exterior (Lei 14.754/2023 e IN RFB 2.180/2024), perguntas 18 e 19· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

Brazilian exchange

Verified at the primary source

How it works: Assets held in custody or traded by an institution located in Brazil follow the rules for assets in Brazil. The exchange submits the operations data to the Receita Federal (chapter 4 of the DeCripto Manual).
Possible taxable event: See "Assets in Brazil".
How to report: See "Assets in Brazil".
When to pay: See "Assets in Brazil".
Related reporting obligation: The reporting obligation lies with the exchange; the taxpayer declares the assets in the IRPF return.
Legal basis: See "Assets in Brazil".

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
Primary sourceReceita Federal: Manual de Orientação do Leiaute da DeCripto, versão 1.01 (ago/2026), ADE Copes nº 02/2025· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

Foreign exchange

Verified at the primary source

How it works: Assets held in custody or traded by institutions located abroad are deemed to be located abroad.
Possible taxable event: See "Assets abroad".
How to report: See "Assets abroad".
When to pay: See "Assets abroad".
Related reporting obligation: The person reports the operations in DeCripto themselves (chapter 5 of the Manual), subject to the threshold under verification.
Legal basis: See "Assets abroad".

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
Primary sourceReceita Federal: Manual de Orientação do Leiaute da DeCripto, versão 1.01 (ago/2026), ADE Copes nº 02/2025· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

Swap / exchange between crypto assets

Verified at the primary source

How it works: "The capital gain on the disposal of cryptocurrencies, when one is used directly to acquire another, even if the cryptocurrency used is not first converted into reais or another fiat currency, is taxed" (IRPF 2026 Q&A, question 653, free translation).
Possible taxable event: Disposal through the swap, valued in reais at market value on the date of receipt.
How to report: As a disposal; see the rule for where the asset is located.
When to pay: According to the rule for where the asset is located.
Related reporting obligation: A swap is a reportable operation in DeCripto (code II).
Legal basis: National Tax Code (CTN), art. 118; Law No. 8,981/1995, art. 21; Cosit Ruling No. 214/2021.

Interpretation under debate

The IRPF 2026 Q&A also repeats, in the item on crypto assets abroad, that this gain is "subject to progressive rates".
- Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
In the same document, for assets classified as financial investments abroad, tax is paid in the annual return at a rate of 15% (Law 14,754/2023). The official source does not explain how the two passages fit together for swaps of assets held abroad.
- Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
- Primary sourceMinistério da Fazenda / Receita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas: tributação de renda no exterior (Lei 14.754/2023 e IN RFB 2.180/2024), perguntas 18 e 19· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

Sale for reais

Verified at the primary source

How it works: Disposal of a crypto asset for the national currency.
Possible taxable event: Capital gain, subject to the monthly exemption (assets in Brazil) or to the rule for financial investments abroad.
How to report: See the rule for where the asset is located.
When to pay: See the rule for where the asset is located.
Related reporting obligation: Purchase and sale is a reportable operation in DeCripto (code I).
Legal basis: IRPF 2026 Q&A, question 653.

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

Stablecoins

Verified at the primary source

How it works: In the IRPF return, stablecoins ("cryptocurrencies pegged to one or more financial assets, such as the dollar or gold") are declared under Group 08, code 03. The monthly exemption covers crypto assets of any type, including stablecoins.
Possible taxable event: Same disposal rule as other crypto assets, according to location.
How to report: Group 08, code 03.
When to pay: See the rule for where the asset is located.
Related reporting obligation: DeCripto: specific operations for primary distribution and redemption of asset-referenced crypto assets.
Legal basis: IRPF 2026 Q&A, questions 473 and 653.

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
Primary sourceReceita Federal: Manual de Orientação do Leiaute da DeCripto, versão 1.01 (ago/2026), ADE Copes nº 02/2025· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

Staking

Not expressly clarified by the official source consulted

How it works: DeCripto lists "staking income" as an incoming type to be reported (CARF502).
Possible taxable event: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
How to report: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
When to pay: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
Related reporting obligation: DeCripto, under the Manual (the reporting obligation does not define the taxation).
Legal basis: No specific provision found in the official sources consulted.

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Manual de Orientação do Leiaute da DeCripto, versão 1.01 (ago/2026), ADE Copes nº 02/2025· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

Lending

Not expressly clarified by the official source consulted

How it works: DeCripto lists borrowing (CARF504), loan repayment (CARF602) and collateral (CARF507, CARF603) as transfer types.
Possible taxable event: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
How to report: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
When to pay: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
Related reporting obligation: DeCripto, under the Manual (the reporting obligation does not define the taxation).
Legal basis: No specific provision found in the official sources consulted.

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Manual de Orientação do Leiaute da DeCripto, versão 1.01 (ago/2026), ADE Copes nº 02/2025· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

Liquidity pools

Not expressly clarified by the official source consulted

How it works: DeCripto does not use the term "liquidity pool"; smart-contract operations may be reported by their hash (Record 0980).
Possible taxable event: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
How to report: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
When to pay: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
Related reporting obligation: DeCripto, under the Manual (the reporting obligation does not define the taxation).
Legal basis: No specific provision found in the official sources consulted.

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Manual de Orientação do Leiaute da DeCripto, versão 1.01 (ago/2026), ADE Copes nº 02/2025· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

DeFi

Not expressly clarified by the official source consulted

How it works: DeCripto provides for a "Decentralized Platform" counterparty and Record 0980 for smart-contract operations.
Possible taxable event: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
How to report: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
When to pay: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
Related reporting obligation: DeCripto, under the Manual (the reporting obligation does not define the taxation).
Legal basis: No specific provision found in the official sources consulted.

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Manual de Orientação do Leiaute da DeCripto, versão 1.01 (ago/2026), ADE Copes nº 02/2025· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

Airdrops

Not expressly clarified by the official source consulted

How it works: DeCripto lists "airdrop" as an incoming type to be reported (CARF501).
Possible taxable event: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
How to report: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
When to pay: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
Related reporting obligation: DeCripto, under the Manual (the reporting obligation does not define the taxation).
Legal basis: No specific provision found in the official sources consulted.

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Manual de Orientação do Leiaute da DeCripto, versão 1.01 (ago/2026), ADE Copes nº 02/2025· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

Mining

Not expressly clarified by the official source consulted

How it works: DeCripto lists "mining income" as an incoming type to be reported (CARF503).
Possible taxable event: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
How to report: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
When to pay: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
Related reporting obligation: DeCripto, under the Manual (the reporting obligation does not define the taxation).
Legal basis: No specific provision found in the official sources consulted.

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Manual de Orientação do Leiaute da DeCripto, versão 1.01 (ago/2026), ADE Copes nº 02/2025· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

Salary or services paid in crypto

Not expressly clarified by the official source consulted

How it works: DeCripto lists "sale of goods or services" (CARF506) as an incoming type and "purchase of goods or services" (CARF604) as an outgoing type.
Possible taxable event: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
How to report: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
When to pay: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
Related reporting obligation: DeCripto, under the Manual (the reporting obligation does not define the taxation).
Legal basis: No specific provision found in the official sources consulted.

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Manual de Orientação do Leiaute da DeCripto, versão 1.01 (ago/2026), ADE Copes nº 02/2025· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

NFTs

Verified at the primary source

How it works: In the IRPF return, NFTs are declared under Group 08, code 10. The Q&A on Law 14,754 states that an NFT representing, for example, a work of art "would not be considered a financial investment" abroad.
Possible taxable event: The monthly R$ 35,000 exemption covers crypto assets of any type, including NFTs. For NFTs abroad that are not financial investments: Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
How to report: Group 08, code 10.
When to pay: See the rule for where the asset is located.
Related reporting obligation: DeCripto, when the NFT is a reportable crypto asset.
Legal basis: IRPF 2026 Q&A, questions 473 and 653; Q&A on Law 14,754, question 18.

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
Primary sourceMinistério da Fazenda / Receita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas: tributação de renda no exterior (Lei 14.754/2023 e IN RFB 2.180/2024), perguntas 18 e 19· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗

RWA / tokenization

Verified at the primary source

How it works: In the IRPF return, tokens linked to real assets or rights (real estate, shares, court-ordered payments, receivables, carbon credits) go under Group 08, code 99. When the token qualifies as a security, the CVM has jurisdiction (Guidance Opinion 40).
Possible taxable event: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
How to report: Group 08, code 99.
When to pay: ⚠️ Situation not expressly clarified by the official source consulted.
Related reporting obligation: DeCripto: primary distribution and redemption of asset-referenced crypto assets.
Legal basis: IRPF 2026 Q&A, question 473; CVM Guidance Opinion 40.

Updated on 31/10/2026

Primary sourceReceita Federal: Perguntas e Respostas IRPF 2026 (versão 1.00, 23/04/2026)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
Primary sourceReceita Federal: Manual de Orientação do Leiaute da DeCripto, versão 1.01 (ago/2026), ADE Copes nº 02/2025· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗
Primary sourceCVM: Parecer de Orientação CVM nº 40, de 11/10/2022: os criptoativos e o mercado de valores mobiliários (DOU de 14/10/2022)· Last checked: 31/10/2026See original data ↗