Global Crypto Atlas
🇧🇪 Belgium
- Regulation
- Level 4 · 100/100
- Evidence coverage
- 18/18
- Last checked
- 31/10/2026
- Last regulatory change
- 01/01/2026
- Sources checked
- 14
Regulatory status
Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (MiCA) applies, with provider authorization, custody rules, client protection and a stablecoin regime.
Exchanges / VASPs
Authorization of crypto-asset service providers (CASPs) under MiCA (arts. 59 and 62).
Taxes
Gains may be taxed as miscellaneous income when the investment goes beyond the normal management of private assets (rulings of the Service des décisions anticipées).
Reporting
Providers report transactions to the tax authorities under the DAC8 Directive, applicable since 01/01/2026.
Self-custody
MiCA regulates custody by providers (art. 75); self-custody is not the subject of a specific rule in MiCA.
Stablecoins
Regime for asset-referenced tokens (ARTs) and e-money tokens (EMTs) under MiCA.
DeFi
MiCA provides for an assessment of the development of decentralized finance and of the need to regulate it (art. 142).
Tokenization / RWA
DLT Pilot Regime (Regulation (EU) 2022/858) for market infrastructures based on distributed ledger technology.
CBDC
Unconfirmed data, not displayed.
AML / KYC
Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 and EBA guidelines on the "travel rule" for crypto-asset transfers.
Consumer protection
Protection of ownership of clients' assets (MiCA, art. 70) and duty to warn about risks (art. 66).
CBDC
Digital euro: the ECB moved to the next phase of the project on 30/10/2025; possible first issuance in 2029 if the legislation is adopted. ↗
Crypto adoption
Chainalysis Global Crypto Adoption Index 2025: Outside the published top 20 (2025)
Who regulates?
- ESMA / EBA (EU level) and the national competent authority ↗
Authorization and supervision under MiCA.
- SPF Finances ↗
Taxation of crypto-assets.
Main rules
| Rule | No. | Date | Effective | Official source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regulation (EU) | 2023/1114 (MiCA) | 06/2023 | Applicable since 30/12/2024 (Titles III and IV since 30/06/2024) | See original data ↗ |
| Directive (EU) | 2023/2226 (DAC8) | 17/10/2023 | Applicable since 01/01/2026 | See original data ↗ |
| Regulation (EU) | 2023/1113 (transfers of funds and crypto-assets) | 06/2023 | Unconfirmed data | See original data ↗ |
GCRI · Global Crypto Regulation Index
Evidence
Legal framework
20/20- A statute or regulation with force of law, specific to virtual assets/crypto assets, published and in force. (12 points)Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (MiCA), in force since June 2023; applicable since 30/12/2024 (Titles III and IV since 30/06/2024) · European Union (ESMA) · 06/2023 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
- The rule defines virtual asset/crypto asset or refers to an official definition. (4 points)MiCA, art. 3(1), point 5: definition of crypto-asset · European Union (ESMA) · 06/2023 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
- A rule designates the competent authority to regulate and supervise the sector. (4 points)MiCA, art. 93: Member States designate the competent authorities · European Union (ESMA) · 06/2023 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
Licensing / supervision
15/15- Virtual-asset service providers need authorization, a license or registration to operate. (10 points)MiCA, art. 59: authorization of crypto-asset service providers (CASPs) · European Union (ESMA) · 06/2023 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
- A rule in force sets out the authorization procedure. (5 points)MiCA, art. 62: application for authorization as a crypto-asset service provider · European Union (ESMA) · 06/2023 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
Consumer protection
10/10- A rule requires segregation between the firm's assets and clients' assets. (5 points)MiCA, art. 70: safekeeping of clients' crypto-assets and funds (protection of ownership and ban on use for own account) · European Union (ESMA) · 06/2023 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
- A rule requires risk disclosure to clients. (5 points)MiCA, art. 66(3): providers must warn clients of the risks · European Union (ESMA) · 06/2023 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
AML / KYC
10/10- Providers are covered by anti-money-laundering legislation. (6 points)Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 (transfers of funds and certain crypto-assets), applicable to CASPs · European Union (EBA) · 06/2023 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
- A rule requires AML/CFT policies and controls from providers (including client identification). (4 points)EBA guidelines on information requirements for crypto-asset transfers ("travel rule") under Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 · EBA · 07/2024 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
Stablecoins
10/10- A rule defines stablecoins / tokens referenced to a currency or asset. (4 points)MiCA, art. 3: asset-referenced tokens (ARTs) and e-money tokens (EMTs) · European Union (ESMA) · 06/2023 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
- A rule sets specific rules for issuing, offering or operating with stablecoins. (6 points)MiCA, Titles III and IV: issuers of ARTs and EMTs (register of issuers kept by ESMA) · European Union (ESMA) · 06/2023 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
Taxation
10/10- The tax authority publishes an official rule or guidance on gains from crypto assets. (6 points)2021 annual report of the Service des décisions anticipées: criteria for gains on cryptocurrencies · SPF Finances · · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
- There is an obligation to report crypto-asset operations to the tax authority. (4 points)Directive (EU) 2023/2226 (DAC8): reporting of crypto-asset transactions to tax authorities, applicable since 01/01/2026 · European Commission · 17/10/2023 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
Custody
5/5- A rule addresses the custody of virtual assets/private keys by providers. (5 points)MiCA, art. 75: custody and administration of crypto-assets on behalf of clients · European Union (ESMA) · 06/2023 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
DeFi / Web3
5/5- A rule or official guidance expressly addresses decentralized finance or smart contracts. (5 points)MiCA, art. 142(2)(a): assessment of the development of decentralized finance and of the need to regulate it · European Union (ESMA) · 06/2023 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
Tokenization / RWA
5/5- A rule or official guidance addresses tokens linked to real assets or tokenized securities. (5 points)Regulation (EU) 2022/858 (DLT Pilot Regime) for market infrastructures based on distributed ledger technology · European Union (ESMA) · 06/2022 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
Institutional clarity
10/10- The division of responsibilities between authorities is defined in a rule. (5 points)MiCA, art. 93: division of tasks between authorities and single point of contact; roles of ESMA and EBA · European Union (ESMA) · 06/2023 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
- An authority publicly discloses a register of, or acts concerning, authorized providers or providers seeking authorization. (5 points)ESMA interim MiCA register (authorized CASPs, issuers, non-compliant entities), arts. 109 and 110 of MiCA · ESMA · 30/10/2026 · level UE · Primary source · Last checked: 31/10/2026 · See original data ↗
Change history
- 30/12/2024In forceLegal deadline for the central MiCA register ↗ Arts. 109 and 110 of MiCA require ESMA to publish a register of white papers, authorized CASPs and non-compliant entities by 30/12/2024.
- 06/2023In forceMiCA comes into force ↗ Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 establishes uniform EU rules for crypto assets.